Hadjod: Health Benefits, Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects

Hadjod is one of the key herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine, also known as Asthisandhani or Cissus quadrangularis. This herb has been utilized for centuries due to its potent healing properties, particularly in the treatment of bone, joint, and connective tissue ailments.
In Ayurveda, Hadjod is known for its ability to support bone health, promote healing after fractures, and improve overall joint and skeletal function. Its rejuvenating effects make it an important herb in maintaining the integrity of the musculoskeletal system. Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) is a tropical plant that is widely known for its therapeutic benefits in Ayurveda.

It is a climbing vine with square stems, and its medicinal parts include the leaves, stems, and roots. In Ayurvedic texts, it is often referred to as Asthisandhani, which translates to “bone healer.” The plant’s unique properties make it a valuable herb for treating bone fractures, promoting healing of soft tissues, alleviating pain from arthritis, and supporting joint mobility.

Hadjod is considered an important herb for enhancing bone strength and density due to its high content of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals that support bone health. It is also regarded as an anti-inflammatory agent, which helps in reducing swelling and pain, particularly in musculoskeletal disorders. This herb is often included in formulations for promoting bone regeneration, preventing osteoporosis, and maintaining healthy joints and ligaments.

Different Regional Names In India

• Bengali Name: Hodjoda
• English Name: Edible Stemmed Vine, Veldt Grape, Devil’s Backbone, Adamant Creeper
• Gujarati Name: Hadsankal
• Hindi Name: Hadjod, Hadjora
• Kannada Name: Mogaroli
• Malayalam Name: Changalam Paranda, Changalamparanta
• Marathi Name: Kandvel
• Tamil Name: Pindai, Perandai, Pirandai
• Telugu Name: Nalleru, Nallerutige

Sanskrit Synonyms for Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

1. Vajra Valli

• Meaning: Vajra (diamond) + Valli (creeper or vine).
• Significance: The name reflects the herb’s property of making the body as strong and resilient as a diamond, emphasizing its role in promoting bone strength and healing.

2. Vajrangi

• Meaning: Vajra (diamond) + Angi (body or limb).
• Significance: Highlights the herb’s ability to enhance the strength and resilience of the body, particularly bones and joints.

3. Asthi Shrunkala

• Meaning: Asthi (bone) + Shrunkala (chain or link).
• Significance: Refers to the stem’s resemblance to bones or its function of supporting bone health, further reinforcing its importance in healing bone fractures.

4. Asthiyuk

• Meaning: Asthi (bone) + Yuk (bearing or possessing).
• Significance: This synonym indicates that the plant has properties related to bones, underlining its role in promoting bone growth and healing.

5. Granthimana

• Meaning: Granthi (knot) + Mana (measure or limit).
• Significance: Refers to the knotted structure of the plant’s stem, which is seen as a feature that resembles the interconnectedness and strength of bones.

6. Bhutopadrava

• Meaning: Bhuta (spirit or ghost) + Upadrava (disturbance or affliction).
• Significance: This term may refer to its use in treating conditions considered to be caused by disturbances or imbalances, often used in traditional practices to treat disorders with a spiritual or ethereal origin.

7. Chaturdhara / Chatusira

• Meaning: Chatur (four) + Dhara (flow) or Chatus (four) + Sira (edge).
• Significance: Refers to the four-edged stems of the plant, which are distinct and symbolic of strength and stability, contributing to the plant’s healing properties.

8. Asthisamhari

• Meaning: Asthi (bone) + Samhari (destroyer or healer).
• Significance: One of the best synonyms, highlighting the plant’s exceptional efficacy in treating bone fractures, promoting bone union, and supporting overall skeletal health.

These Sanskrit synonyms illustrate the multifaceted healing properties of Hadjod in Ayurveda, with a particular emphasis on its role in strengthening and healing bones, as well as its unique structural features.

Morphology of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

• General Description: Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial herb that can grow up to a height of 1.5 meters. It is characterized by its unique quadrangular-sectioned branches, giving it a distinctive appearance. The branches have internodes that are approximately 8 to 10 cm long and 1.2 to 1.5 cm wide.
• Stems: The stems of Hadjod are leafless, quadrangular, and glabrous (smooth, without hair). They are robust and help in the plant’s climbing nature.
• Tendrils: The tendrils are long, slender, and simple, aiding in the plant’s ability to climb and attach to supporting structures.
• Leaves: The leaves are broadly ovate, ranging from 2.5 to 5 cm in length. They may sometimes have 3-7 lobes. The petioles (stalks of the leaves) are 6 to 12 mm in length.
• Flowers: The flowers of the plant grow in cymes, which are clusters of flowers that bloom from a common point. The calyx (outermost part of the flower) is cup-shaped.
• Fruits: The fruit is a berry, which is obovoid (resembling an oval, with a rounded end at the top) and measures about 6 mm in length. The fruit is red when ripe and contains seeds.
• Flowering and Fruiting: Hadjod typically flowers and fruits after the rainy season, during the autumn months.

This morphology of Cissus quadrangularis plays a key role in its adaptability and effectiveness as a medicinal herb, helping it thrive in tropical and subtropical climates.

Ayurvedic Properties of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

Guna (Qualities):

• Laghu – Light and easy to digest.
• Rooksha – Dry in nature.

Rasa (Taste):

• Madhura – Sweet taste.

Vipaka (Post-digestive effect):

• Katu – Converts to a pungent taste after digestion.

Veerya (Potency):

• Ushna – Hot in nature.

Effect on Tridosha:

• Balances Vata and Kapha doshas.

Action:

• Bhagna Sandhanakara – Promotes the healing of fractures.
• Arsoghna – Useful in treating syphilis and related conditions.
• Krimighna – Helps in eliminating intestinal worms.
• Vrishya – Acts as an aphrodisiac, boosting vitality.
• Balya – Improves strength and overall vitality.

Effect on Doshas:

• Vata Dosha: Hadjod is particularly effective in balancing Vata dosha due to its warming and grounding properties. It helps in relieving Vata-related disorders such as bone and joint pain, fractures, and stiffness.
• Kapha Dosha: It helps balance Kapha by reducing excess moisture and stagnation. Its hot, pungent, and bitter qualities help to decrease excess mucus, alleviate swelling, and promote proper digestion.
• Pitta Dosha: Though Hadjod has a mild effect on Pitta, it can be beneficial when used in moderation. Its slightly bitter and hot qualities may help to calm Pitta in cases where there is inflammation or heat, such as in osteoarthritis or conditions with swelling.

Pharmacological Properties:

• Antioxidant: Hadjod contains compounds that help in neutralizing free radicals in the body, preventing oxidative stress, and protecting the cells from damage.
• Anti-inflammatory: It reduces inflammation, making it effective in treating conditions such as arthritis, sprains, and bone-related inflammation.
• Analgesic: Hadjod has pain-relieving properties, especially for bone pain, joint pain, and musculoskeletal issues.
• Bone-Healing Properties: One of its most notable features, Hadjod promotes bone regeneration and healing, supporting the repair of fractures, enhancing bone strength, and increasing bone density.

This classification underlines the holistic approach of Ayurveda to treat imbalances in the body, especially concerning skeletal health, using the specific qualities of Hadjod to address issues related to bone strength, joint function, and overall vitality.

Classical Categorization of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

1. Bhavaprakasha

In the Bhavaprakasha, Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) is classified under the Guduchyadi Varga, which includes herbs known for their healing and rejuvenating properties, particularly supporting bone, joint health, and overall vitality, highlighting Hadjod’s significance in Ayurveda.

2. Kaiyadeva Nighantu

In the Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Hadjod is classified under the Lakshmanadi Varga, which includes herbs promoting longevity and treating physical conditions. This highlights Hadjod‘s role in strengthening tissues, particularly bones and joints, and aiding fracture healing.

These classical categorizations reflect the herb’s well-established significance in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for treating musculoskeletal issues and promoting overall health.

Formulations (Yoga) of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

1. Asthisamharadi Churna: A classical Ayurvedic powder formulation that combines Hadjod with other herbs to strengthen bones and promote bone health. It is commonly used in the treatment of bone fractures, joint pain, and osteoporosis. This formulation is known for its ability to restore bone density and improve overall skeletal health.

2. Asthisamhara Taila: Asthisamhara Taila is an Ayurvedic oil that incorporates Hadjod along with other therapeutic herbs. It is primarily used for external application to heal fractures, dislocations, and other bone-related injuries. The oil is massaged into the affected areas to promote bone regeneration, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation.

3. Lakshadi Guggulu: Lakshadi Guggulu is a well-known Ayurvedic formulation that combines Hadjod with Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) and several other herbs. This formulation is used to strengthen bones and joints, promote the healing of fractures, and treat conditions like arthritis and osteoporosis. It is also beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving overall joint mobility.

These formulations, based on the medicinal properties of Hadjod, are widely used in Ayurvedic practices for promoting bone health, healing fractures, and enhancing the musculoskeletal system.

Health Benefits of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

There are numerous health benefits and uses of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis); here are some of the key ones, highlighting its versatility in promoting overall wellness.

1. Fortifies Bones and Joints: Hadjod is rich in calcium, magnesium, and the antioxidant resveratrol, which support bone cell growth, regeneration, and proliferation. This helps in bone strengthening, promoting structural development and maintaining bone density. It is particularly beneficial in preventing bone-related conditions like osteoporosis.

2. Regulates the Digestive Process: Hadjod acts as a powerful antimicrobial agent, helping to balance gut flora and combat harmful intestinal bacteria like E. coli. By promoting proper digestion and reducing digestive discomfort, it plays a key role in maintaining a healthy digestive system and improving overall gastrointestinal health.

3. Protects the Hepatic System: With its high vitamin C content, along with triterpenoids and beta-sitosterol, Hadjod helps protect the liver from conditions such as fatty liver and bile duct diseases. Its anti-inflammatory properties support liver health and enhance its detoxifying function.

4. Acts as an Aphrodisiac: Due to its rich antioxidant content, Hadjod acts as a natural aphrodisiac, improving sexual function in both men and women. It helps boost stamina, vigour, and overall sexual health, promoting hormonal balance and vitality.

5. Efficiently Detoxifies the Body: Hadjod, abundant in vitamin C and various flavonoids, plays a significant role in detoxifying the body. It helps in flushing out excess food particles, fluids, and harmful toxins from the body, preventing their buildup in organs like the kidneys, thus supporting overall detoxification.

6. Heals Bone Conditions: The juice of Hadjod’s stem derivatives can be consumed internally, while a paste or powder made from its leaves is applied externally for conditions like fractures, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Hadjod accelerates bone mineralization, enhances bone strength, and reduces joint pain, thus aiding in faster recovery and improved bone health.

7. Promotes Weight Loss: Hadjod juice improves lipid metabolism, reduces fat accumulation, and enhances calorie burning. It is effective for weight loss, especially for individuals struggling with obesity, by accelerating the breakdown of fat and supporting healthy metabolism.

8. Treat Dental Infections: Hadjod’s extensive antimicrobial properties make it effective in treating dental issues like plaque, tartar, and cavities. After brushing, rinsing the mouth with Hadjod juice helps clear infectious agents that cause toothaches and promotes overall oral health.

9. Manages Epilepsy Symptoms: The sedative properties of Hadjod’s extracts assist in regulating the central nervous system and brain activity, which helps in controlling conditions like epilepsy. Regular, controlled intake aids in stabilizing brain function and reducing seizure frequency.

10. Remedies Severe Haemorrhoids: The liquid residue from Hadjod leaves, when infused with honey and consumed with warm milk or ghee, helps reduce swelling and bleeding associated with hemorrhoids. This natural remedy soothes discomfort and promotes healing in the affected area.

11. Alleviates Asthma Symptoms: Due to its decongestant traits and its ability to balance vata and kapha doshas, Hadjod helps alleviate asthma symptoms by reducing excessive mucus production. It relieves chest congestion, improves breathing, and eases discomfort caused by asthma attacks.

12. Controls Blood Sugar Levels: Hadjod is rich in antioxidants, which help regulate blood glucose levels. It protects pancreatic cells from oxidative stress and supports insulin production, making it beneficial for managing diabetes mellitus. Its digestive-enhancing properties help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

13. Improves Heart Health: Hadjod’s adaptogenic properties help lower stress and reduce high blood pressure, which are key factors in managing hypertension. It also helps reduce cholesterol levels, prevent blood vessel blockages, and support overall heart health by improving circulation and cardiac muscle function.

Hadjod How to Use

Part Used: Stem: In Cissus quadrangularis (Hadjod), the stem is the primary part used for medicinal purposes. It is rich in essential compounds that support bone health, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

Dosage

• Fresh Juice:
  The fresh juice of Hadjod can be taken in a dosage of 10-20 ml per day.
• Paste:
  A paste made from the stem can be consumed in a dosage of 5-10 g, divided into two doses throughout the day.
• Capsule:
  An extract of Hadjod in capsule form is also available, and the recommended dosage is typically once or twice a day, as advised by a healthcare professional.

The dosage may vary depending on the individual’s health condition, age, and the specific recommendation from an Ayurvedic practitioner. It is essential to consult an expert for personalized guidance.

Side Effects of Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis)

• Pitta Imbalance: Due to its hot nature, individuals with a Pitta body type should use Hadjod cautiously, as it may aggravate Pitta-related conditions.
• Counteracting Heat: To balance its heating effect, Hadjod can be consumed with ghee or in fried form.
• Pregnancy: It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before using Hadjod during pregnancy.
• Lactation and Children: It is generally safe for lactating women and children above 5 years of age, but medical advice is recommended for personalized guidance.

Hadjod (Cissus quadrangularis) is a powerful herb in Ayurvedic medicine, known for its numerous health benefits. From supporting bone health and aiding digestion to improving heart health and managing blood sugar levels, this versatile plant offers a wide range of therapeutic uses.

Resources:

• Cissus quadrangularis (Hadjod) Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Augments Bone Health in an Estrogen-Deficient Preclinical Model of Osteoporosis Via Modulating the Host Osteoimmune System(1)
• A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of an Indian Plant: Cissus quadrangularis(2)
• Cissus quadrangularis: A Natural Booster(3)
• Cissus quadrangularis L: A comprehensive multidisciplinary review(5)